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Albuquerque volcanic field
Albuquerque volcanic field is a monogenetic volcanic field located in the Albuquerque Basin in New Mexico, USA. The Albuquerque volcanic field is made of monogenetic volcanoes that produced lava flows, cinder cones, and cinder and spatter cones. It is located about 11 km west-northwest of the city of Albuquerque, and is contained within the borders of Petroglyph National Monument. The oldest lava flows cover about 60 square km. The cones are aligned and possibly formed above two roughly north-south trending fissures. J cone (also called Vulcan) is the highest feature. Its base is made of cinder but the crater contains a lava dome that was cut by an explosive eruption. The Albuquerque volcanic field was active from 170,000 to 70,000 years ago.
==Notable vents==
(詳細はVulcan, named after the Roman god of fire. From a vantage point on top of the cone 200 feet above mesa, the alignment of the 5-mile-long chain of vents is particularly noticeable. Vulcan is a spatter cone, formed primarily by fire fountains that were active in the central vent and in smaller vents on flanks of the cone. Spatter forms when blobs of lava are emitted from a vent. The blobs cool as they fly through the air, and the partially molten blobs then land on the side of the cone to weld together to form a hard crust. Fragmental cinder and spatter material and lava flows dip at angles as high as 55° away from the central vent on the eastern and southern side of the Vulcan. The spatter material is thickest on the southeastern side of Vulcan, indicating that it was blown by the wind toward the south and east during the fountaining events. A solidified lava pond that consists of a massive gray basalt with weakly developed columnar jointing occupies the crater of Vulcan. Radial, sinuous lava tubes 8 to 20 inches across and 300 feet long are preserved on the northeast and northwest flanks of Vulcan.〔Smith, G.A., Florence, P.S., Castounis, A.D., Luongo, M., Moore, J.D., Throne, J., Zelley, K., 1999, Basaltic near-vent facies of Vulcan Cone, Albuquerque volcanoes, New Mexico New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 50, p. 211-219..〕〔(), New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.〕
Black Volcano is an inactive volcano located near Albuquerque, New Mexico. Black Volcano is located directly north of JA volcano. Black Volcano is the second of five volcanoes (traveling south to north) within the western boundary of Petroglyph National Monument. North of Black Volcano are Vulcan, Bond and Butte volcanoes. The date of its last eruption is unknown, but is believed to have been more than 150,000 years ago.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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